The Impact of Climate Change on Coastal Ecosystems

Abstract

The increasing intensity and frequency of climate change phenomena, such as rising sea levels, increasing temperatures, and ocean acidification, have placed significant stress on coastal ecosystems around the world. Coastal ecosystems, which include mangroves, coral reefs, seagrasses, and wetlands, are some of the most productive yet vulnerable ecosystems. These ecosystems not only support a vast array of biodiversity but also provide critical services to human populations, such as storm protection, food resources, and carbon sequestration. The rise in global temperatures has resulted in the bleaching of coral reefs, reducing biodiversity and damaging marine habitats. Similarly, mangroves and wetlands, which act as buffers against storms and prevent coastal erosion, are increasingly under threat due to human encroachment and rising sea levels. This study provides an in-depth analysis of how climate change affects these ecosystems and the socioeconomic impacts on coastal communities. The study uses a combination of remote sensing, field surveys, and economic assessments to gauge both the environmental and human impacts. Moreover, it suggests mitigation strategies, such as ecosystem restoration and the development of sustainable management practices, to curb the long-term damage to these vital ecosystems. A case study focusing on the Sundarbans mangrove forest highlights the urgency of taking action as it faces imminent threat from rising seas and human activity. The findings point to the need for stronger policies and global cooperation in combating the effects of climate change on these fragile ecosystems.