The Article Processing Charge (APC) is non-refundable & non-transferable under any circumstances once payment has been done. Authors are responsible for ensuring the accuracy and completeness of their submission prior to payment, including compliance with journal scope, formatting, and ethical guidelines. Refunds will not be issued for withdrawal requests, editorial rejections, delays in processing, or dissatisfaction with publication outcomes. The journal reserves the sole right to determine the validity of any refund request.

